Embedding data inside an image file is an old trick — usually you can just append some data in the file after the "END" chunk that tells the parser that it can stop reading the image data — but Spore is doing something trickier than that. Some Reddit commenters took a crack at decoding Maxis's system. While they've yet to find the solution, commenter "McHoff" has an interesting theory:
It looks like there's information encoded in the alpha channel of the image. Even in 'empty' parts of the image the alpha channel is noisy. A quick histogram shows that there are an awful lot of pixels with an alpha of 0 or 1, and then what looks like a normal gradient for the rest of the range. I'd guess they stuffed about 1k of information in there.
omg i think i just got goatsed
omg i think i just got goatsed